Learn to read Estonian
A short, active path into reading Estonian: four new vowel letters and nine real words decoded before anything is explained, endings where English has little words, the verb that never changes after ei, and two short stories before your first book.
How sentences work
3 sectionsFirst sentences: no a, no the, and one word for he and she
- There is no word for a and no word for the. hiirheer is a mouse and the mouse alike.
- There are no genders: ta is he and she, and nothing has to agree with either.
- The is-word: olen I am, oled you are, on is — and also are.
- Neutral order is the English order, and the doing word likes second place.
The is-word, all six ways
| Who | Estonian | Who | Estonian |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | ma olenmah OH-len | we | me olememeh OH-leh-meh |
| you | sa oledsah OH-led | you, more than one | te oleteteh OH-leh-teh |
| he, she | ta ontah ohn | they | nad onnahd ohn |
onohn covers is and are together. Longer person words — mina sina tema and the rest — mean the same with emphasis added, and tema also does his or her.
Dara is a fox. He is in the forest.
Dara on rebane. Ta on metsas.
DAH-rah ohn REH-bah-neh. tah ohn MET-sahs
Nothing stands in for a, and ta would be the same word if Dara were she. The ending on metsas is what says in.
Where the doing word sits
| Estonian | What moved |
|---|---|
| Täna tuleb rebane.TA-nah TOO-leb REH-bah-neh“Today the fox comes.” | a time word took the front, so the doing word keeps second place and the doer moves in behind it |
Beyond that habit, Estonian moves words around freely for emphasis, and you can read them in whatever order they come.
Say what something is
- Tika on lind.
One word is missing compared with English.
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Tika on lind.TI-kah ohn lind“Tika is a bird” — or “the bird”. Estonian does not choose. - Ma olen Tobi.
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Ma olen Tobi.mah OH-len TOH-bi“I am Tobi” - Which word says “she” in “She is a fox”?
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tatah — the same word as for he: Ta on rebane.tah ohn REH-bah-neh“She is a fox”

